Iron objects excavated at the turn of the century at Thebes in Egypt,but possibly of Assyrian or Urartian origin, were examined chemically and metallurgically. Three objects consist of wrought iron containing appreciable amounts of slag. Two had been case-hardened along their cutting edges, increasing the hardness about threefold. Two specimens were of fairly homogeneous steel (0.1-0.2% C) which had been hardened by quenching.