Although neutral or slightly alkaline soils are most conducive to the preservation of bone, very few environments are conducive to excellent bone preservation, and most excavated bonesrequire consolidation to improve their strength and durability. Koob reviews early bone consolidation treatments (gelatine, wax, etc.) and current treatments (poly(vinyl acetate), acrylic emulsions, and acrylic colloidal dispersions), before presenting a step-by-step procedure for the consolidation of moderately well-preserved bone in the laboratory. See 21-1334 for reference to entire proceedings. -- AATA