In the reconstructed shop of Williamsburg cabinetmaker Anthony Hay, replication of the production process is an integral part of creating reproductions of chairs. Precise standardization was not a priority in the preindustrial furniture shop of the eighteenth century, so the subtle variations inherent in chair sets of that era can be replicated only through replication of the production process. This theme is illustrated in a discussion of the proportions, design, and techniques used in reproducing a set of twelve chairs in the Chippendale style.