Until recently, there has been no satisfactory way to visualize intracranial morphology without actually invading the skull. Images provided by conventional x-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans are abstract, flat, two-dimensional representations. New computer-imaging techniques can reconstruct three-dimensional images from sequential series of narrowly collimated (1-2mm), high-resolution CT scans of the skull. The power and versatility of these computer-imaging techniques are demonstrated by examining (1) living subjects with major craniofacial dysmorphology (Treacher-Collins syndrome and unilateral coronal synostosis); (2) an anthropoid osteological specimen (<i>Gorilla</i>); and (3) a fossil mammal skull.