This paper discusses the technical examination of The Holy Family with the Bathtub by sixteenth century French artist Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665. An introduction to Poussin's other Holy Family compositions and to the artist's use of figurines in his studio give context to the planning of this composition. Examination included a study of the painting support, ground, underdrawing, paint layer and pigments. Scientific analyses of materials and techniques included Fourier Transform-Infrared Microscopy (FT-IR), infrared reflectography, transmitted infrared, elemental analysis SEM/EDS, polarized light microscopy, and x-radiography. Results were compared to published data. Extensive research was carried out with digital images captured with the Inframetrics platinum silicide camera, which were then assembled, layered, and enhanced in Adobe Photoshop 5.0 and VIPS software programs.