16829
Accession Number
30599
Author
Piaskowski, Jerzy
Title Of Article Chaper
Metaloznawcze badania przedmiotow zelaznych z cmentarzyska cialopalnego w Zadowicach pow. Kalisz
Title Of Journal Book
Prace i materially museum archeologicznego i ethnograficnego w Lodzi: Serie Archeologiczna
Issue
13
Pages
213-230
Collation
19 p. : ills.
Reference Bibliography
Includes bibliographic references
Language Of Text
Polish
Language Of Summary
English
Literature Type
Serial
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
Nine iron objects from the cremation cemetery at Zadowice, distr. Kalisz (3rd-4th centuries A.D.) have been examined. In the investigations metallographic observations, the microhardness measurements and the hardness measurements by Vickers method were employed. Quantitative and qualitative (spectrographical) chemical analyses were also carried out. Knife no. 1 (from grave 236) and knives 2 and 3 (from grave 259) were made of iron characterized by a rather low phosphorus content, unequal carburization and one-phase slag inclusions uniformly black in colour (type A). These features are typical of iron produced in the big smelting centre in the Swietokrzyskie Mountains. Similar metal was used to the production of spearhead no. 2 from grave 263 and a fibula from grave 237. Apart from slag inclusions uniformly black in colour, also inclusions with different structures were detected in both objects. Besides, the spearhead showed additional inclusions of light-coloured slag (type C), while the fibula contained two-phase slag inclusions with rounded segregations of a light-coloured phase on a dark background (type D). The origin of these object is difficult to settle; perhaps they were also produced in the Swietokrzyskie Mountain centre. A spur from grave 241 and spearhead no. 1 from 257 were also made of iron with a low phosphorus content, and unequal carburization. The metal contained two-phase slag inclusions with rounded segregation of a light-coloured phase on a dark background (type D). That type of iron is manufactured in Silesian Opole, and probably both objects have been brought from this area. Of special interest is the technology of shears no. 1 from grave 261. They were welded from soft steel and iron with a high phosphorus content (0,47% P). The shears probably were imported from Czechoslovakia, where the method of welding iron and steel was employed in antiquity (also in Celtic smelting centres). In general, the objects under discussion represent technology popularly used in Poland in antiquity. A piece of slag found on the cemetery comes from a bog ore with a high phosphorus content. The slag contained 3.20% P2O2.
Keywords
metallography; metal; examination; iron; object; cremation; cemetery
pub_id
16829
Title Translation
Metallographic Examinations of Iron Objects from the Cremation Cemetery at Zadowice, Distr. Kalisz