Describes the activity of the restoration workshops in the Russian Museum between 1917-1941. It is possible to trace the theoretical foundations of the Soviet Restoration School and to observe the development of conservation methods and techniques. In 1920, an increase in the status of the restoration workshops enabled a transition to more complicated restoration and regular work with museum collections. The three pre-war Five-Year Plans supported the workshops' activities and made possible the restoration of many kinds of art objects.