The best method of identifying wood used in ancient artifacts found in archaeological excavation sites is one which analyzes the wood's structure. Slides (microscopic specimens) of the woods being examined should always be available for comparison tests. Proceeding on this basis, the author has compiled a list of the excavation sites and types of wood used in canoes, wooden bows, and wooden coffins examined up until now. Most of the canoes were excavated from sites in the Kanto Plain, and most of them were made of Kaya (Torreya nusifera). Ancient wooden bows found all over Japan were usually made from branches of Inugaya (Cephalotaxus harringtonia). Wooden coffins were excavated only in the Kinki area and its surrounding regions, and the most frequently used material was Koyamaki (Sciadopitys verticillata). With only two or three exceptions, the trees used to make the artifacts were all native to the regions in which the artifacts were found.