The purpose of this research was two-fold. The first goal was to explore conservation literature to identify how poultices have been used in the treatment of various types of artifacts. Secondly, the goals was to determine the potential of a particular cellulose product, Arbocel, for use as a poultice. Arbocel is a natural cellulose powder that is processed in Germany for numerous industrial applications and is known to have been used in wall painting conservation. This paper provides a brief review of the theories and principles of water transport that are essential to successful poultice use. Conservation literature related to poultice treatments in various disciplines also is explored. Finally, the author's experimental work with two Arbocel products is discussed.