Mural painting conservation must take into account that the painting is an integral part not only of the building containing it but also the townscape and landscape surrounding it. The problem of the conservation of pre-Hispanic mural paintings in Mexico is discussed with this in mind. Remedial conservation methods should be a last resort. Preventive measures of protection such as shelters are preferable but these will alter the site aesthetically. When sites cannot be protected in situ the mural painting may have to be removed and displayed in a museum. Two examples are given, mural paintings at Bonampak and those at Higueras, Veracruz. An outline for action in mural painting conservation is given. Photographs.