Ultraviolet light cross-section analysis is used on a routine basis at the SPNEA Conservation Center to provide new insights into painted surfaces and methods of paint application, and to help distinguish early layers from later layers of paint, finish and grime. Once the various layers have been characterized, the aqueous, solvent gel and emulsion cleaning systems developed by Professor Richard Wolbers offer a wide variety of alternatives to traditional solvents for cleaning painted surfaces. Three objects which differ markedly in the composition of the paint, glaze and metallic powder layers, as well as the cleaning problems posed, are examined. All treatments involved cross-section analysis, pigment identification, and the development of an appropriate gel, resin soap or emulsion cleaning system.