Describes in general terms the beginning of training for conservation as a profession after 1945 in Europe and recalls the dialog that took place in 1984 at a British Museum symposium, with the museums explaining their needs and the training courses presenting their objectives. These are defined and compared to their present-day (1990) state. The needs of the British Museum as a large institution employing about 60 practicing conservators are presented, followed by the three main functions they imply: 1) practical conservation; 2) conservation research; and 3) lecturing, publication, and training. An addendum discusses administration issues. According to this classification, the British Museum requires the skills of conservators and of conservation scientists. These two main categories are subdivided and the requirements for the various levels indicated, with job descriptions for specific grades appended.