Since 2001 the Smithsonian Institution’s multi-disciplinary American-Mongolian Deer Stone Project has collaborated with Mongolian and international partners to research archaeological, cultural heritage, and ecological resources across Mongolia. The program is named for Deer Stones, Mongolia’s ancient monuments that are among the country’s most important archaeological treasures and are among the most spectacular expressions of Bronze Age megalithic art anywhere in the world. These 3,000-year-old carved stone plinths standing one to four meters high and their associated khirigsuur burial complexes are scattered in unprotected sites throughout northern Mongolia. The protection of these Bronze Age monuments, and all of Mongolia’s rock art and archaeological sites, from destruction, looting and trafficking is an important issue for the Smithsonian and the Mongolian Ministry of Culture, Sport, and Tourism.