A state-of-the-art article on fumigation of the more than 70 species of insects and 100 species of fungi known to attack library and archival materials gives cautions on use of fumigation techniques. Thymol can be used in vapor form, mixed with solvents, or on interleaving sheets. Sheets coated with dieldrin were developed for use against silverfish by Canberra scientists Ethylene oxide is the most often used general fumigant, being used in a vacuum chamber. A variety of other insecticide, moldicide, and general fumigant gases are mentioned in some detail.