Excavation data from the Duckfoot Site, a ninth century hamlet in southwestern Colorado, are used to investigate how early Pueblo pit structures were used. The distribution of floor artifacts and features across the site is used to infer activities associated with pit structures and surface rooms, taking into account modes of abandonment and assemblage formation. Architectural suites consisting of a pit structure and associated surface front and back rooms are also compared. Unlike the surface rooms, the pit structures have evidence of ritual use, as well as ritual modes of abandonment. They do not appear to have been specialized for ritual use, however, because domestic features and artifacts are also abundant in them. There is strong evidence for multiple-household shared use of pit structures, and also for considerable variation from one pit structure to the next in the activities represented.