Archaeologists working in prehistoric Southwestern pueblos have frequently used architectural evidence as the basis for inferences about social organization and social integration. The history and basic logic of several major approaches are reviewed: ethnographic analogy; assignment of functions of uses to architecturally defined spaces; and interpretation of community organization from analysis of differentiation and spatial patterning among structures. Because artifactual and architectural data are generally employed together, the chapter closes with a review of the use of artifacts in the study of social organization and integration in pueblo archaeology.