Technical analysis of a painting by C.W. Peale in the Winterthur Museum. Gives historical background on Peale, including his interest in painting materials and techniques. Gives pigment identification of the painting by using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Gives background on the painting's 19th-century conservation, done by C. Volkmar and reviews, generally, Volkmar's restoration techniques. Includes a review of Peale's own understanding of painting conservation techniques.