The history of manufacture, physical and chemical characteristics, and occurrences of the synthetic pigment lead antimonate (Naples) yellow are reviewed. It has been manufactured in various periods and as early as the XVIIIth Dynasty. From about the 15th century BC on, it was the only yellow colorant and opacifier in general use in Egyptian and Mesopotamian glass and glazed. It was replaced by lead stannate yellows by the 4th century AD. The earliest known recipes for lead antimonate yellow are seven for zalulino given by Piccolpasso in <i>Le Tre Libri dell'Arte del Vasaio</i> written between 1556 and 1559. These are presented in table form along with later ones. The pigment is most commonly found in European paintings between approximately 1750 and 1850, after which it was gradually replaced by other pigments. The dry pigment is brilliant yellow and isotropic (n=2.01-2.28) but shows anomalous birefringence. It has the theoretical formula Pb₂Sb₂O₇ and is an analogue of the mineral bindheimite (JCPDS Powder Diffraction File 18-687). Care must be taken to distinguish it from lead-tin yellow type II in mixtures with lead white by x-ray diffraction. It has a distinct infrared spectrum in the region 1400-200 cm-1. Aspects of its identification by wet chemical methods, x-ray spectrometry and diffraction and infrared spectroscopy are discussed. -- AATA