The technical examination of a painting by Jan Lievens (1607-1674) from his years of close association with Rembrandt van Rijn has confirmed attribution of the work. The examination clarifies the two painters' working relationship during their critically important early years. Compositional changes revealed by the study suggest that this work was painted and reworked during this period of rapid artistic development. Lieven's Radiography, x-ray fluorescence, and polarized microscopy were employed.