This investigation is the result of an interdisciplinary work between the Biology Laboratory and the Seminar/Workshop on Polychrome Sculpture Restoration (STREP for its Spanish acronym) at the National School of Conservation, Restoration and Museography (ENCRyM Escuela National de Conservacion Restauracion y Museografia). Based on the anatomy of various wood species, 419 specimens were identified as belonging to 140 sculptures that were arranged chronologically from the sixteenth to the twentieth century and were restored by the STREP throughout 12 years of work, from 1998 until 2010.