Sugars and proteins may be viewed as a chemical feedstock to produce new monomers, thermoplastics, thermosets, crosslinking agents, and additives for a broad range of biomedical and commercial applications, including the replacement of bisphenol-A. Isosorbide is derived from glucose by catalytic hydrogenation to sorbitol followed by dehydration. Furandicarboxylic acid can be made from fructose through the intermediate 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Synthesis of isosorbide-based hydroxy acid monomers with terephthalic acid or furandicarboxylic acid enables creation of stereoregular homopolymers with high Tg and mechanical properties. Incorporation of the isosorbide terephthalate monomers into PET has been demonstrated to raise the Tg of the polyester, which enables hot-filling. Modification of PLA or PCL with isosorbide based hydroxyacids is expected to affect cell attachment to the polyester as well as to the degradation rate.