The textile wet processing industry is a major user of the world’s resources of water and energy. Recognizing that these resources are limited, the textile industry is developing procedures and processes to use them more wisely as the world population and textile consumption continue to grow. Use of textile chemicals and fibers from renewable resources is being expanded while textile processes that require large amounts of energy, chemicals, and water are being replaced with new ideas that minimize our scarce resources. Increased use of enzymes, lower liquor ratio equipment, higher color yield colorants, and alternatives to traditional water-based processes will be presented, and suggestions for the future will be discussed.