A micromorphological study of the sediments from the cave of Pech-de-l'Aze II was undertaken in order to evaluate the role of micromorphology in the analysis of cave and rock-shelter deposits. The soil skeleton is composed of quartz sand and silt resulting principally from the decay of bedrock with local reworking by solifluction and <i>ruissellement. Lithorelicts consist of bedrock fragments of cryoclastic origin and detrital phosphate grains which can be identified as being large carnivore (bear or hyaena?) coprolites. The plasma is composed of mostly iron rich clay and although it was most abundant in reddish layers of previously recognized soils, no micromorphological evidence for clay illuvation was found. Micromorphologically based palaeoclimatic interpretations agreed on the whole with those obtained by classical sedimentology although several questions were raised which should make us more cautious in interpreting classical data: such as the origin of the clay, especially in soil horizons.