Fourteen tesserae from the mosaics in the Cathedral of Salerno were examined by x-ray diffraction and by energy-dispersive x-ray analyses. Their constituents were identified and they can be divided into crystalline and amorphous materials. The main crystalline phases are quartz, calcite, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and microcline. The amorphous materials are composed of silica containing several elements: calcium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, titanium, and copper. For comparison, one tessera from Pompeii was characterized. A subdivision of tesserae into three groups-crystalline, amorphous, and composite -- is suggested. See also AATA 20-2085 for part I. For more information on mosaics, see also AATA 21-895, 21-896, 21-927, 21-948, and 21-962.