Block lifting is an important technique in field archaeology. This article discusses the concepts and methodology of block lifting, as well as the different methods and materials used in block lifting. The article introduces basic block lifting, case block lifting, plaster block lifting and polyurethane foam block lifting. According to the characteristics of the four different lifting methods, it was concluded that the basic block lifting is recommended under the conditions of better soil strength and smaller bulk/weight, the case block lifting should be used under the conditions of better soil strength and larger bulk/weight, the plaster block lifting is recommended where soil strength is low and bulk/weight is low, and the polyurethane foam block lifting is preferred where soil strength is low and bulk/weight is higher.