During a hundred-year period between the mid-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a major industry flourished in England which had its origins in both architectural ornamentation and japanned tinware. The development of japanned papier-mâché led to an unparalleled trade that resulted in the manufacture of many articles of furniture. The inherent fragility of such furniture renders it particularly susceptible to damage, and there is little published on the care and conservation of papier-mâché furniture. A chair belonging to the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, Smithsonian Institution, which was sent to the Institution's Conservation Analytical Laboratory (CAL) for conservation Treatment, serves as a case in point. Examination by X-ray, infrared and ultraviolet radiography, materials analysis, and a study of historical developments leading to the chair's manufacture were required before an appropriate conservation treatment could be determined.