Advances in x-ray imaging and image processing, in particular digital modes developed for medical and industrial applications, are providing new options for the nondestructive evaluation of works of art. The present work discusses some of the characteristics peculiar to digital images, with examples of how high-resolution digital images can provide important structural information. The use of experimental computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR) systems, with spatial resolution as fine as 50 microns, is illustrated in studies of three objects, an ancient terracotta sculpture, a Japanese assembled woodblock sculpture (ca. 17th century), and an oil painting on canvas (ca. 18th century).