7865
Editor
Lewin, S.Z.; Alexander, S.M.
Title Of Article Chaper
Supplement: The Composition and Structure of Natural Patinas. Part I. Copper and Copper Alloys. Section A. Antiquity to 1929
Title Of Journal Book
Art and Archaeology Technical Abstracts
Pages
201-283
Collation
83 p.
Language Of Text
English
Literature Type
Serial : Bibliography
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
This is an annotated bibliography covering literature dealing with patina on copper and copper alloys. Patina is the crust, film, or layer of corrosion products found on metal objects that have been exposed to the elements for some period of time. Until recently, there have not been scientific techniques available that could identify and characterize the complex substances that make up most patinas. An example of inaccuracies in the older literature concerns identification and chemical characterization of malachite. Investigation of patinas generally requires x-ray diffraction and similarly sophisticated investigational techniques. This bibliography represents an attempt to compile and evaluate the reliability of literature in the field of patinas on copper and copper alloys. Questions highlighted by the survey are: (1) was patination intentional in some cases? (2) is intergranular corrosion indicative of slow patination and therefore of great antiquity? (3) does a thick layer of cuprite next to the residual metal indicate authenticity? (4) what is the first substance formed under different conditions during patination? (5) can macroscopic appearance indicate the patination products present? (6) can patination products be equated with well-characterized mineral species? (7) what is the relationship between composition of the metal and nature of the surroundings in determining the rate of patination? (8) is it possible to generalize about what patinas should form in particular environments? (9) what is the range of species expectable in patinas? By and large, the bibliography pertains to the period from 1850 to 1930.
Keywords
copper;copper alloy;patina;malachite;corrosion products; bibliography
pub_id
7865