The graft copolymerization from cellulose to chitosan to prepare antibiosis cellulose material for the protection of stone culture relics was reported. In the experimental process, potassium persulfate was used as the initiator, and the cellulose was graft-copolymerized with chitosan. The grafting conditions and their impact on grafting ratio of the cellulose and grafting efficiency of the chitosan were discussed. According to the results from experimental data, the optimum reaction conditions for graft copolymerization of the cellulose and chitosan were summarized as follows: the consistent concentration of potassium persulfate was 1.5 mol/L, the pretreatement temperature and time was 40[degrees]C and 2h respectively, the reaction temperature and time was 50[degrees]C and 8h, the mass ratio of cellulose and chitosan was 2:1 and the dosage of cross was 0.12ml, the volume of all liquid was 100ml. in the experiment, the effect of copolymer dosage on the properties of stone samples was investigated and analyses of the properties of chromatic aberration, luster, contact angle, coating film adhesion, gas permeability, and ultraviolet radiation repellence were carried out using infrared ray (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the stone samples treated by 15% product copolymerized from cellulose and chitosan glue contained its origin nature, glossiness and color. Meanwhile compared to the untreated stone samples, the contact angle of surface of the treated ones came up to 80[degrees], the level of coating film adhesion was 1 and gas permeability was 1.76[micro]g(m2[dot]d)-1. After 500 hours of ultraviolet-irradiation, the contact angle of surface of the treated stone samples fell to 70[degrees], so the ultraviolet radiation was considerable. It was proved that the product copolymerization from cellulose and chitosan has good effect on the protection of stone historic relic.