This paper discusses alkaline papermaking by comparing it to alum-rosin systems and by pointing out some of the alkaline papermaking's salient features. The alkaline system produces stronger paper. It creates greater bonding strength in the fiber and allows a reduction of fiber in favor of filler. Good optical properties are more difficult to achieve in an alkaline system. Refining in an alkaline system also creates a stronger fiber and allows for better sheet formation through the possible reduction of head box consistency. The table length on the papermaking machine sheet formation will be less, but CaCo₃, can cause increased fabric wear. The fabric design may have to be redesigned to improve fiber mat building. The alkaline sizing of paper presents some significant cost savings to the papermaker. Proper fourdrinier operation is es sential to gaining the maximum benefits. -- AATA