The Bartol-Delaware proton probe has been used extensively in the study of archaeological artifacts. An AN 2000 Van de Graaff accelerator provides the energetic protons which are brought out into the atmosphere through a small hole in a graphite tip. The induced characteristic x-rays are observed in a Si(Li) detector. For the elements from sodium up to iron or copper a helium atmosphere and a proton energy of 1.3 MeV are used. For the observation of elements from iron or copper upward the proton energy is raised to 2.0 MeV, with air or nitrogen as the atmosphere and selective filters are placed between the sample under study and the Si(Li) diode. The data displaying the capabilities of this technique were taken from selected samples from India (bronze), Jordon (glass beads), and Crete (potsherds). The importance of proper data analysis is also referred to with specific examples. -- AATA