For the enhancement of preventive conservation of the museum collections, it is necessary to be aware of the air quality inside and outside the museum. We should assess the air quality and take more effective measures to adequately protect our cultural relics. We used the detection method developed and provided by the American Company, Purafil. We carried out sample corrosion tests at eight selected spots inside and outside the museum. From the data collected, we discovered that our museum is surrounded by a highly corrosive atmosphere of sulfur dioxide and this atmosphere has threatened the well-being of cultural materials such as metals and paper. Creating microclimates for storing various types of collections is an effective method for improving the museum's storage environment.