FT-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry was used in the preliminary analysis of the reinforcement mechanism of the Kuraumin method (melamine-formaldehyde resin) used on 16th century water-logged oak. The results showed that the water-soluble MF resin diffused effectively into the pores, the lumen, and the different cell walls. Abundant hydrogen bonding was produced by the interaction of the MF resin, the cellulose, the lignin, and the old wood. It was concluded that a highly combined structure had been formed by the production of hydrogen bonding between the three-dimensional MF resin and the polymers in the oak, which improved the mechanical properties of the old water-logged objects being treated.