The Mozuizi of Wuwei is one of the most important archaeological sites of Gansu ancient wooden relics. Wooden relics excavated in the dry areas of Northern China in imperfectly saturated water state and those unearthed in the humid areas of Southern China in saturated water state, vary greatly in terms of the climatic conditions in which they were found. Thus, the protective materials and the techniques used to treat them are also different. This paper focuses on the wooden relics of Mozuizi, Wuwei and overall scientific analysis of the corrosion, factors affecting preservation, chemical composition of the material, structural defects and the preservation climate. The result stated that the corrosion of the wooden relics is due to long-term influence and effect of internal and external factors. It also stated that maintaining a stable environment and controlling the moisture in the materials critical in solving the preservation problems. The analysis has provided dependable information and technical support for the overall preservation and restoration of these decaying wooden wares.