Discovery in the early 1960's of small spots or blemishes on negative microflim in American collections caused a great deal of concern and led to several years of research by Kodak and the U.S. National Bureau of Standards. The principal cause was found to be peroxides generated by deteriorating boxes, which attacked the silver emulsion under conditions or high humidity. Recommendations made by the investigators, and the extent to which they were adopted, are discussed. The episode is offered as an illustration of the problem of applying research results for practical effect.