If one is to discuss the consolidation of deteriorated and damaged paintings on canvas, it might be useful to explore why the damage occurred initially. In this way it is possible to take preventative steps to stop damage in the first place and better understand the methods and materials that might be most appropriate in the consolidation and repair of the painting. The damage that does occur can result from accidents in handling, excessive change in ambient moisture, excessive change in temperature, conservation treatment, chemical deterioration, and biological attack. While all of the sources of damage may be different, the consequence is that it is most likely will be the need for structural intervention at different levels. If one is concerned about the preservation and conservation of canvas supported paintings then it is useful to first focus on the fundamental similarities, and this includes the focus on the materials used. One important way to do this is to understand how the artist’s materials respond to aging, temperature, relative humidity, shock, vibration, and conservation treatments. Once the material properties are defined the painting as a composite structure can be examined in considerable detail and the response of the painting to different external stimuli can be explored.