Some five hundred ancient stone sculptures characterized by low-relief carved images of deer in “synchronized flight” are known to populate the Mongolian Altai and Hangai mountain landscape. The remote location has hampered their systematic recording and archaeological investigation, and little is known about these impressive monuments. Geographically isolated and exposed to harsh environmental conditions, the deer stones represent an extreme case of cultural heritage at risk. As such, they provided an opportunity for conservators from the Smithsonian’s Museum Conservation Institute to test the utility of three-dimensional laser scanning technology as a preservation took in a field setting, as part of Project Deer Stone, a multidisciplinary Mongolian-United States collaboration with specialists from the Smithsonian Institution, coordinated by the Arctic Studies Center of the National Museum of Natural History. Results are presented from a pilot test of a portable hand-held three-dimensional laser scanner used for the noncontact documentation of these stone sculptures. Applications for research, museum display, conservation monitoring, and long-term preservation are discussed.