The Museo Historico Nacional (MHN) safeguards a vast quantity of clothing accessories of the late 19th and early 20th Century. Most of them are made out of artificial or synthetic materials, in replacement of natural ones. Under unfavorable conditions, some of these modern materials deteriorate easier than natural fabrics. This thus pose a risk to themselves and to surrounding items. In an effort to avoid deterioration, scientific procedures are used to identify their origin and preventive conservation measures are implemented, particularly in terms of packing and storage. The outcome of this research study is the preparation of a technical data sheet that records the recognition analyses and suitable preservation measures.