The Tanning Research Station, Denmark, carried out skin identification on items in Kulturen's Lund collection of archaeological leather, primarily of footwear but also knife sheaths and bags. The technique used was visual identification (magnifying glass; binocular microscope) of grain surface, as the hair-follicle patterns are characteristics. Reference materials are essential. This non-destructive method is not infallible: species have changed over the centuries; some are difficult to distinguish (sheep and goats); different parts of the same animal have different grain patterns; some reference materials (e.g. Foal) are difficult to obtain, and burial or subsequent conservation treatment can affect the grain pattern. Cattle skin was most common, with goat and occasionally horse for the shoe uppers. Sheepskin was infrequent, and pigskin was not found. 13 surface and 8 cross-section micrographs.