3948
Title Of Article Chaper
Reduction of efflorescence in brick through addition of ceramic sludges
Title Of Journal Book
American Ceramic Society bulletin
Volume
63
Issue
8
Pages
1025-1029
Collation
8 refs.
Literature Type
Serial
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
Introduction of ceramic sludges lone to seven percent by weight) from the glazing lines of ceramic floor and wall tile factories to calcareous clays (the most common raw material for the manufacture of brick) was found to reduce drastically and even eliminate the formation of efflorescent salts. At low sludge additions (one to two and a half percent by weight), the formation of soluble alkali sulfates (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) was inhibited in favor of double sulfates such as K<sub>2</sub>Na(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>Ca(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> . H<sub>2</sub>O. At higher sludge contents, the formation of all soluble sulfates was drastically reduced, possibly as the result of the reaction between lead contained in the sludge and SO<sub>3</sub> released by the clay during firing, with the consequent formation of insoluble lead sulfate. Nevertheless, certain boundary conditions must be met to achieve useful applications of the process. -- AATA
Keywords
Tile ceramic;Ceramic technology;Efflorescence, ceramics, brick, sulfactes, salts, calcareous clays;? AATA
pub_id
3948