The evolution of the technology of mercerizing cotton fabrics is traced, noting the contributions of Mercer and Lowe. Mercer developed the fundamental method of treating cotton fabric with caustic soda and potash, sulfuric acid, and zinc chloride to increase tensile strength, hygroscopicity, and the capacity to absorb dyes. Lowe discovered that mercerizing under tension confers luster to the cotton and reduces shrinkage. -- AATA