Analyzes the problem of damage to historic buildings in the city of Rome due to the growth of higher plants. Some examples of these biological attacks on various building structures examined during the course of detecting the causes of deterioration have been explained. The biological forms of the plants, the colonization speed in pioneer conditions, and the equilibrium, with the bioclimatic and pedological characteristics, are the more important parameters affecting their role in the deterioration of stone surfaces of Roman monuments. A list of flora as well as the frequency of their presence due to both ecological and chronological aspects are given. It was observed that in the deterioration, Mediterranean and cosmopolitan species play an important role.