Discusses general problems concerning the biodeterioration of Indian miniature paintings, due to commonly found fungi and insects responsible for it. The practical problems in using appropriate and effective fungicides and insecticides while treating delicate paintings are highlighted. In view of the delicate nature of the work involved in the treatment of miniature paintings, it is advocated that more emphasis be given to preventive measures to control their further decay. A thorough investigation so as to precisely identify the types of species of microorganisms on different types of paper, under different climatic conditions, with particular reference to varied Indian climatic regions, is further advocated.