Three cases of biodeterioration of wood caused by xylophagous insects are presented here. The different situations are examined with regard to these aspects: the environment, the mechanism of attack, and the damage done. In this work, the choices are illustrated for the various operations and different, pertinent modalities are formulated to obviate the disadvantages and the potential damage of each event based on the peculiar situation, on the importance and function of the affected objects. The future modalities of prevention and control are also shown.