The historical painting materials presented and defined in chapters four and five are a selection of the main examples from the 15th-19th centuries. Microanalysis is the main identification technique presented in chapter seven. The article assumes that the modern qualified restorer is well equipped (in his knowledge of materials, microscopy, preparation technique, and trained observation skills) to carry out simple microchemical identification reactions when given a practical guide. Particular attention is given to the techniques and risks involved in taking samples and the preparation and evaluation of paint layer cross sections. (Abstractor's note: The book is not intended to turn nonchemists into hobby analysts. Practice has shown that the well-trained restorer is able to solve less complicated and more urgent problems and will have greater perception in deciding when to cooperate with other specialists.)