Surveying and mapping of cultural relics has been integrated with archaeology, field investigation and cultural relics protection planning. The field has evolved from simple surveying, mapping, documentation and study to be able to provide comprehensive spatial information technology, to support protection planning, and to provide comprehensive pictures of basic information about cultural heritage regions. Surveying and mapping technology has been widely used for the preparation of the Silk Road (Xinjiang region) World Cultural Heritage Declaration. This technology provides strong support for the declaration and development of cultural heritage protection. It also represents an example of future trends and directions of development.