An artist's palette from the Grotte de Tarté was reidentified in the Old World Paleolithic collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. This palette was acquired during excavations in 1931 by J. Townsend Russell, collaborator in Old World Archaeology at the U.S. National Museum, through a special agreement with the Université de Toulouse. This palette has not been described since it was first acquired. Three analytical techniques, non-destructive x-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with simultaneous energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the red pigment and the processing method. The technical analysis showed that the red ochre is a hematite mixture with various accesory minerals, and the processing which occurred on the palette was a dry, spreading or grinding process. Description of the palette is considered worthwhile in light of the rarity of these Upper Paleolithic objects and for documenting the existence of important French materials in American collections.