This document discusses general collection environment criteria, assessment, monitoring and goals for an improved conservation environment. General building environments and building systems are discussed that can create a good conservation environment, including various possible compromises. Typical interim and low-cost measures are suggested to improve an environment. Typical phases of design and construction projects are described for new design and environmental renovation, including planning steps and guidelines for selecting the design team. The appendix offers definitions of common terms used in design and construction of building systems, references and suggested readings, and guidelines for selecting manufacturers. Although developed for the climate typical in New York State, many aspects will apply to institutions in other regions.