Taxidermies, an important component of natural history museums collections, having high value for research and exhibition, are prone to be attacked by different pests because of the abundant amounts organic matter in them. The use of toxic chemical to protect taxidermies against damage by pests has led to great environmental damage, as well as public health concerns. A number of novel methods for the prevention and treatment of pests have been studied in order to find the alternative and environment-friendly methods. Although a great number of taxidermies are stored in natural history museum in China, studies for the controlling and eradicating pests have lagged behind, hindering the development of museums in China. This review summarizes up-to-date pest control methods and comprehensively analyzes information regarding both the processes for making taxidermies and the damage caused by pests, providing reference material for museum work.