263
Author
Pope, Gregory A.; Stavash, John M.; Walker, Jean C.
Editor
P?ikryl, Richard; Viles, Heather A.
Author Affiliation
Montclair State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies; Montclair State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies; Montclair State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies
Title Of Article Chaper
Spatial variability of acid precipitation at the local scale
Title Of Journal Book
Understanding and Managing Stone Decay: Proceedings of the International Conference Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution Network (SWAPNET 2001)
Pages
297-316
Collation
20 p. : ills.
Reference Bibliography
Includes bibliographic references
Publisher
The Karolinum Press
ISBN
80-246-0453-1
Language Of Text
English
Literature Type
Monograph
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
While regional-scale studies of acid deposition abound, relatively little work considers the spatial variation of acid deposition at a sub-regional or local scale. Of these, only a few have correlated directly to actual stone weathering. This paper reports a study of local wet deposition trends in northern New Jersey (New York City metropolitan area), USA, based on data from four synoptic weather systems. The paper makes use of air pollution and meteorological data to attempt to explain local spatial variation of acid precipitation. Data are obtained through pH analysis of precipitation samples, collected as direct rainfall or snowfall into sterile containers by students. Air pollution and meteorological data are from state and federal agencies. These data are compiled and correlated with the aid of geographic information systems, and compared against new and existing stone weathering data (tombstone measurements). Recent evidence suggests that regional acid deposition rates are not improving greatly, despite greater enforcement of acid-producing emissions. While acid deposition in the Northern New Jersey area is generally perceived as reflecting regional trends, our data suggest that there are centers of elevated acid deposition at the local scale, as well as areas of diluted acid deposition, on specific storm events. These vary considerably within short geographic distances. Acid precipitation is a function of input sources, but also a function of air flow and precipitation rates. We find that areas of more acid precipitation do not necessarily coincide with areas of highest pollution (such as factories, power plants, and automobile traffic). Air flow translates elevated pollution away from areas of high local emissions at both regional and local scales. We consistently observed a peak of elevated acidity to the western edge of the study area, following an urban pollution plume generated by off-shore storm events. We also observe pockets of relatively neutral precipitation where we would expect higher pollution. We speculate that a contribution of aerosol sea salt or urban dust may act to buffer the precipitation. While the present acidic precipitation in specific storm events does not match areas of most intense stone deterioration, we surmise that an average acid deposition over numerous storm events accounts for the weathering trends. Further study over a range of meteorological scenarios will arrive at a more precise model of acid deposition, and a more complete sense of average deposition rates over time.
Keywords
spatial; variability; acid; precipitation
pub_id
263